Sikhism
Culture Region (Region)
Location and number of adherents: They have 23 million followers worldwide mainly located in the Punjab region of India.
Teachings and Principles/Beliefs: They are monotheism, and believe in the general Hinduism concepts of the universe and the doctrine of samsara (rebirth) based on karma, but only human birth is the chance to escape samsara and attain salvation.
Icons: The 5 Ks are requiarment for all baptized Sikhs and have to wear them all the time. They are meant to show one’s devotion to the faith and God. These are Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (a small, wooden comb), Kirpan (strapped sword), Kacha (cotton breeches) and Kara (iron bracelet)
Teachings and Principles/Beliefs: They are monotheism, and believe in the general Hinduism concepts of the universe and the doctrine of samsara (rebirth) based on karma, but only human birth is the chance to escape samsara and attain salvation.
Icons: The 5 Ks are requiarment for all baptized Sikhs and have to wear them all the time. They are meant to show one’s devotion to the faith and God. These are Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (a small, wooden comb), Kirpan (strapped sword), Kacha (cotton breeches) and Kara (iron bracelet)
Diffusion (Mobility)
History: It was founded in 1500 in India by Guru Nanak, who was the first of the ten Gurus during the time period 1469 to 1708. This Gurus where the enlightened teachers, through whom God revealed his will. Each Guru appointed his successor. Guru Nanak Dev was the first Guru and Guru Gobind Singh the final Guru in human form. Guru Gobind Singh designated the Sri Guru Granth Sahib the ultimate and final Sikh Guru.
Types of Diffusion, including Barriers: It was mostly a Hierarchical Diffusion, thought by the ten gurus.
Leaders and Religious Founders: The ten Gurus: Guru Nanak, Guru Angad DevGuru Amar DasGuru Ram DasGuru Arjan DevGuru HargobindGuru Har RaiGuru Har KrishanGuru Tegh BahadurGuru Gobind Singh.
Sects and Fragmentations: The different Sects are: Orthodox, Nirankaris, and Nam-Dharis (or Kuka Sikhs).
Types of Diffusion, including Barriers: It was mostly a Hierarchical Diffusion, thought by the ten gurus.
Leaders and Religious Founders: The ten Gurus: Guru Nanak, Guru Angad DevGuru Amar DasGuru Ram DasGuru Arjan DevGuru HargobindGuru Har RaiGuru Har KrishanGuru Tegh BahadurGuru Gobind Singh.
Sects and Fragmentations: The different Sects are: Orthodox, Nirankaris, and Nam-Dharis (or Kuka Sikhs).
Religious Ecology (Nature-Culture)
Relationship with Nature: They believe in human nature are rooted in self-centeredness (haumai). The divine consciousness (gurmat) and benevolence (parupkari) are the ideal opposed to it.
Environment and Religion Interaction: Their ignorance of nature and environment is based on their view that god is separated from his creation.
Environment and Religion Interaction: Their ignorance of nature and environment is based on their view that god is separated from his creation.
Culture Integration (Globalization)
Economic Impacts and Relationship: Positivist impacts are the respect for all humans regardless of religion, race and gender. Sikhs are respected by white, black, and Asian people of different backgrounds and religions. They understand all other religions and respect all humans- promoting community cohesion, sharing and knowledge.
Pilgrimage: There are many places to go on pilgrimage, for example to the Golden Temple, Hemkund Sahib, Damdama Sahib, or Anandpur Sahib.
Political impacts: An example would be violence in Sikh diaspora. "Political violence erupted in Punjab in the 1980's. In particular, the Indian government conducted Operation Bluestar in 1984, in an attempt to flush militants and pilgrims out of their holy place, The Golden Temple, as well as other "crackdowns" where Sikhs were disappeared, killed and tortured. The Sikh diaspora who form the greatest South Asian minority group in Canada are intimately tied to the political violence in Punjab. This qualitative study examined the impact of political violence on Sikh diaspora in Vancouver, Canada and their perspectives on the political violence in Punjab, India" - Kiran Shahreen Kaur Aror; Breaking the silence: The impact of political violence in Sikh diaspor.
Pilgrimage: There are many places to go on pilgrimage, for example to the Golden Temple, Hemkund Sahib, Damdama Sahib, or Anandpur Sahib.
Political impacts: An example would be violence in Sikh diaspora. "Political violence erupted in Punjab in the 1980's. In particular, the Indian government conducted Operation Bluestar in 1984, in an attempt to flush militants and pilgrims out of their holy place, The Golden Temple, as well as other "crackdowns" where Sikhs were disappeared, killed and tortured. The Sikh diaspora who form the greatest South Asian minority group in Canada are intimately tied to the political violence in Punjab. This qualitative study examined the impact of political violence on Sikh diaspora in Vancouver, Canada and their perspectives on the political violence in Punjab, India" - Kiran Shahreen Kaur Aror; Breaking the silence: The impact of political violence in Sikh diaspor.
Cultural Landscapes (Cultural Landscapes)
Structures: Their architecture is characterized with values of progressiveness, exquisite intricacy, austere beauty and logical flowing lines and it's style is used in many non-religious building.
Sacred Places: There are no particular holy places for Sikhs, but there are some for the different sects, fore instance Amritsar is a holy city for Sikhs and Anadpuur Sahib, Patna and Manikaran are holy sites for the gurus.
Sacred Space: They are worshiping in gurdwara, or Temple.
Sacred Places: There are no particular holy places for Sikhs, but there are some for the different sects, fore instance Amritsar is a holy city for Sikhs and Anadpuur Sahib, Patna and Manikaran are holy sites for the gurus.
Sacred Space: They are worshiping in gurdwara, or Temple.